Breast cancer treatment can cause digestive side effects that can cause discomfort and affect quality of life. Symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting can reduce nutrient and calorie intake and lead to weight loss, fatigue and low energy.
Medication and dietary modifications can help manage digestive issues and support the body during breast cancer treatment.
Common digestive issues during breast cancer treatment
The digestive side effects of breast cancer treatment can vary from person to person. Depending on the person and treatment type, it can speed up digestion or slow it down. Symptoms can vary in frequency and severity and may include:
- Stomach pain or cramps
- Bloating
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Gas
- Loss of appetite
Any severe digestive symptoms must be reported to your healthcare team. Persistent abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation may indicate complications that require urgent medical intervention.
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What causes digestive issues during breast cancer treatment?
Different types of breast cancer treatment are responsible for causing digestive issues.
- Surgery: Pain relief during recovery, such as morphine, can increase the risk of constipation.
- Chemotherapy: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Targeted therapy: Depending on the therapy, nausea, diarrhea or constipation may occur.
- Radiation therapy: Similar to chemotherapy, common side effects to expect include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and inflammation of surrounding tissue.
- Hormone therapy: Changes in hormone levels can cause gas, bloating and constipation.
How to manage digestive side effects during breast cancer treatment
A combined approach of medication and dietary modifications is the best way to manage digestive issues related to breast cancer treatment.
There are a variety of medications available to help manage cancer treatment side effects. Anti-nausea medication can help prevent nausea and vomiting. Chronic constipation can be managed with a low dose of laxatives; diarrhea can also be managed with medication.
Making small changes to your diet and eating schedule can also alleviate symptoms. Here are some changes you may want to try:
- Eat smaller portions more regularly.
- Ask a dietitian for healthy, high-nutrient, high calorie meals and snacks that are easy to digest.
- Chew slowly and thoroughly to assist digestion.
- Avoid carbonated drinks, caffeine and alcohol.
- Avoid rich, spicy or fatty foods that may irritate your stomach.
- Stay hydrated with water or rehydration drinks.
- Incorporate deep breathing, gentle walking and stretching into your daily life to help manage symptoms and regulate the digestion process.
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